It kills pests fast and provides a long residue — up to 3 months. Bagworm damage on evergreens can be quite substantial. While bagworms can kill evergreen trees, causing them to die from defoliation, they are not harmful to humans. If you have damage happening to your trees and you see that the leaves are turning brown or the needles are falling off the pine trees in your yard, you might have something called bagworms. … What should You do? Evergreen shrubs, like juniper, red cedar, falsecypress, spruce, arborvitae, fir ... Research conducted at Purdue shows that most bagworm eggs can die when they are kept below -0.6˚ F for 24 hours. 2. They cause permanent damage on evergreens. Before you can carry out a treatment method you need to identify that you are facing a Bagworms infestation. The Spectracide Malathion Killer is high-rated with 4.6 out of 5 stars of the overall rating. In addition to a potassium salt of fatty acids, which is the main ingredient in insecticidal soaps, this product also contains 0,012% pyrethrins and 0,9% neem oil extract. Film Television show Game Sport Science … [citation needed] Systematics. Bagworms feed on more than 50 families of trees and shrubs, primarily arborvitae, cedar, pecan, and pine trees. As the larvae become larger, their feeding damage becomes more apparent. Treatments. If you need lawn insect treatment in your yard, contact Ace of Blades in Northwest Arkansas to learn more about lawn insect treatment options. Made with natural Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria, this product is as effective against bagworms as potent insecticides. Applications should be made in early May to allow enough time for this material to get into the foliage before eggs hatch. If you are thinking about how to organically kill bagworms, you can just leave the whole thing up to the birds. Remove the bags and immerse them into a pail of soapy water to kill the eggs. When populations are high, bagworms are serious defoliators of plants. Cloyd adds that young bagworms have the ability to move from one tree or plant to another one using silken threads. Use a concentrated liquid insecticide such as Talstar or Tempo. often comes once the pests form protective, spindle-shaped bags that hang down from leaves and branches. Eggs hatch and caterpillars crawl out of the bag, forming a shelter over their bodies with silk and plant material … The product comes with instructions on how to store and release wasps. Injury is not conspicuous early in the season because the caterpillars and their bags are small. This product is organic and formulated with 0,5% spinosad, a mixture of spinosyn A and spinosyn D. Use the solution in the garden, lawns, and on ornamentals. Young bagworms are easier to kill than older ones, and killing them early prevents damage. It comes as a concentrate that you mix with water and the bagworms start dying off within a few days of application. ID. Some bagworm species are parthenogenetic, meaning their eggs develop without male fertilization. Damage. These are evidence that your plant was attacked by bagworms last summer. Made with chemical compounds that naturally occur in the bacterial species, it kills larvae slowly but surely. If an infestation goes unchecked it could lead to plant death. Treatment for bagworms is not too difficult so long as you approach this task at the right time in the bagworm life cycle. Spray it on the infested trees and shrubs as soon as bagworms emerge. Bagworm control starts with understanding the worm itself. Answer: The only systemic insecticide that we are aware of that is labeled for bagworms is Bonide Systemic Insect Control with Acephate but it is only labeled for use on shade trees and you must spray all of the foliage to get the desired results.Below you will see what we usually recommend for bagworm control. Some species can be found in locations like under the house eaves. Each bagworm generation lives just long enough as adults to mate and reproduce in their annual cycle. Bags are often mistaken as coniferous reproductive cones or other plant structures because the insect uses leaves or needles to construct the cases. Alternatively, a soil application of dinotefuran may be applied to the base of the tree. So, if the daily HIGH temperature is less this temperature you may not have a bagworm problems . Insecticides are most effective when applied to young larvae. Each bag that remains on the evergreen allows hundreds of eggs to hatch into hungry caterpillars. Trunk injections of … There are different insecticides that you can use in order to reduce the population of the bagworms in your trees. “Applying insecticides weekly for 4 to 5 weeks when bagworms are first noticed will reduce problems with bagworms later in the year,” he said. Get free shipping on qualified Spectracide Bagworms products or Buy Online Pick Up in Store today. Generally, these trees will bounce back if you get rid of the bagworms. Inspect new … They hatch in May and early June, and crawl out of their sacks, eating the plants until around August or so. Get free shipping on qualified Bagworms Pest Control or Buy Online Pick Up in Store today in the Outdoors Department. These insects are actually caterpillars that eventually molt into moths. Nestled among some evergreen trees are small structures that look like projections of the twigs and branches they hang from. The Safer Brand 5102 5102-6 All Insect Killer is effective against bagworms, moths, and a variety of other insects. Juniper, arborvitae, pine, and spruce may be killed if completely defoliated and less severe attacks can slow growth. The insecticide comes in a convenient ready-to-use 32-ounce spray bottle. Evergreen bagworm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis, is a detrimental insect pest to landscape plants that often escapes detection until there is significant plant damage. It kills larvae upon digestion within days. The most well-known indoor species is the plaster bagworm, which usually rests on floor edges and walls. As the larvae become larger, their feeding damage becomes more apparent. Remove bag cocoons from small trees during late fall, winter and early spring. There is a number of insecticides that will allow you to get rid of bagworms on arborvitae, cedar, pecan, pine trees, and other trees and shrubs. Adult moths do not feed, living just long enough to mate. Search : Add your article Home. Evergreen trees rely on the needles to provide energy for multiple years. An easy way to tell is if you look at your trees and you find small pinecone-shaped sacks hanging from the branches. During the summer, larvae can cause severe defoliation and even death, especially on evergreen species because their leaves are not replenished as readily as those of deciduous trees. Researchers from the University of Maryland say that removing these insects by handpicking will give better results if you do it in May before new bagworms hatch. When the caterpillars have tied the bag to the twig, sealed it shut they are pupating inside and no further feeding will occur. On small shrubs and trees, you can handpick or cut the bags from the infested plant during late fall or winter before egg hatch. The recommended time for insecticidal treatment is June when bagworm larvae are vigorously feeding. The bagworm is an insect native to the United States and is common in eastern Nebraska. There are two science-based approaches: biological control and insecticidal treatment. Initial feeding damage by bagworm on evergreen trees causes branch tips to appear brown and unhealthy. Insecticides made with bifenthrin or pyrethrin kill bagworms and can be used indoors. Made with 7,9% bifenthrin, it provides a quick knockdown effect on bagworms and a wide range of other pests. They have comblike antennae and usually have clear wings (which is very unmothlike), since they lose most of their wing scales as they squeeze out of their larval cases. The bagworm is an insect native to the United States and is common in eastern Nebraska. The males leave their sacks and go to the female bags where she can lay 500+ eggs after mating. Once they hatch, use insecticides to kill the caterpillars. If you find just a few bagworms, you may have caught the infestation early enough that you can effectively control the situation by handpicking the bags off the plants and submerging them in a bucket of soapy water to suffocate the larvae. On evergreens, they’ll eat lots of the buds and foliage, causing branch tips to turn brown and then die. Therefore, if you don’t spray insecticides frequently enough, the infestation may spread. For example, some evergreen varieties of plants commonly affected by Bagworms include; arborvitae, juniper, cedar, fir, pine and spruce. They are most effective when the larvae are small and just emerging from their sacks in May. Two weeks after any pesticide application look for live bagworms to determine if additional treatment is needed. It is only facts that matter to him. The first step is to make sure what you’re seeing is actually evidence of a bagworm. Mix the 8-ounce product with water and apply it to the infested foliage using a sprayer bottle. So how to control bagworms indoors? Adult male evergreen bagworm moths are furry and look a lot like blackish bees with long, tapering abdomen tips. Next Crop/Prevention. Knowing how to get rid of bagworms is half the battle. Get free shipping on qualified Bagworms Pest Control or Buy Online Pick Up in Store today in the Outdoors Department. These insects attack over 100 species of moths and caterpillars, including bagworms. If you need lawn insect treatment in your yard, contact Ace of Blades in Northwest Arkansas to learn more about lawn insect treatment options. Trunk injections of … Bagworm (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis), known as common bagworm, evergreen bagworm, eastern bagworm, North American bagworm, or common basket worm, is a native moth pest in the U.S. Bagworms overwinter as eggs inside the female’s abdomen inside the bag she constructed. Chemical insecticides should be used on infested shrubs and trees a bit later, in July. You can use insecticides like Thuricide, Dipel because they have bacteria which kill the bagworms. It is good to plant daisy and other plants from the aster family near trees where bagworm infestation is common. Bagworm Damage and Control What do bagworms look like? For example, a pine tree that loses one year worth of needle growth is losing 3 or years worth of energy production. Find more gardening information on Gardening Know How: Keep up to date with all that's happening in and around the garden. To the uninitiated, what to look for or inspect as well as where to inspect is critical to the overall success of the treatment process. So what products are effective against bagworms? They provide a quick knockdown, have a short-term residue, and are safe for pets, ornamentals, and vegetables. Evergreen bagworm: Bagworth and Thornton: Bagworm moth: Abbots bagworm moth: Paulownia tomentosa: Paulownia coreana: Paulownia fortunei: Paulownia kawakamii: Paulownia elongata: Order of the Paulownia Flowers: Bagworth and Ellistown railway station ★ paulownia bagworm: Add an external link to your content for free. Identification: Newly hatched bagworms are barely visible to the eye, but the black or tan larvae grow up to 2 inches long as they feed heavily through the growing season. in Urban Entomology from Purdue University in 2008 and 2004, respectively. Middle to Late Spring Apply insecticides early in the season when the bags are less than 1/2 inch long. [citation needed] Systematics. What is the best way to get rid of bagworms? Dispose of the bags so that this pest will not reenter your landscape. After first treatment, monitor populations to determine if second treatment is warranted. Bagworm … Although bagworms prefer evergreens, all trees (both evergreen and deciduous) must be fully inspected. This is a good way to organically eliminate the worms, but it can be a tedious project if you have a lot of them. Michael Potter, Ph. Of course, you want to begin bagworm control measures before these worms ever get to this stage or they will surely be out of control. They are easiest to detect in the fall after their cases have turned brown, especially on evergreen trees. It is recommended for use on ornamental shrubs, and fruit trees. And finally, there are two products for biological control that have proven to be effective against these insects: Bacillus thuringiensis, which is bacteria that kills bagworm larvae, and Trichogramma wasps that attack their eggs. Applications should be made in early May to allow enough time for this material to get into the foliage before eggs hatch. But if they eat more than 80 percent of the tree, the entire evergreen may die. WASHINGTON – Evergreens throughout the region are being confronted with a new kind of enemy: the bagworm. With the usage of our services you permit us to use cookies. Perhaps the most important rule in bagworm control is to take measures in a timely manner. Using biological methods of bagworm control is the most environmentally safe approach. And if you miss this window in June month, then you can probably use pyrethroids such as bifenthrin. There are three common types: evergreen bagworm, snailcase bagworm, and grass bagworm. And yet, they can be observed on the building’s siding, outdoor furniture, etc., spoiling the aesthetics of the house. The insecticide is made with pyrethrins, plant-derived organic compounds. For this reason bagworms are a nuisance pest and one that needs treatment if you find them active in your landscape. For this reason bagworms are a nuisance pest and one that needs treatment if you find them active in your landscape. The eggs hatch in late spring or early summer, when super tiny, black larvae emerge. A full inspection of the problem is necessary. These worms use over 100 different plants as their food. When it comes to how to organically kill bagworms, the birds do it best by going around the tree and eating the worms. 1. Buyers claim that it is excellent for bagworm control. Bagworms feed on many species of trees and shrubs, but are most common on evergreen trees and shrubs. On deciduous trees (those that lose their leaves in winter), bagworms chew small holes in the leaves and can cause defoliation. Two weeks after any pesticide application look for live bagworms to determine if additional treatment is needed. Bagworms are slow spreading because the female doesn’t fly around. Although Btk and spinosad offer organic bagworm control, even these natural ingredients can still cause eye or skin irritation. The solution can be safely used on vegetables, ornamentals as well as apples, cherries, grapes, and other trees. None of our reviews are sponsored. The species differ in terms of the appearance of the bag that they create. This insecticide is a powerful bagworm killer and controls many other insect pests. For many areas in southern Iowa ("bagworm territory"), it is now too late to treat for bagworms. The bagworms overwinter in the bag that was put there by last year’s females. Jody Green, Nebraska Extension Entomologist. Bagworms are found on other trees an shrubs such as rose bushes, maple, elm, black locust and sycamore. Mr. Potter questions any statement and analzes in detail all related information. A closer look may show small, tan, oval-shaped, cocoon-like structures hanging down from your plant's branches. Southern Ag 10401 Natural Pyrethrin Concentrate When the caterpillars have tied the bag to the twig, sealed it shut they are pupating inside and no further feeding will occur. 2. Besides, you can mix it with other insecticides, including IGR. Adult male evergreen bagworm moths are furry and look a lot like blackish bees with long, tapering abdomen tips. Unfortunately, most cases of bagworm are not discovered until the infestation is severe. Hatching generally happens in late May to early June, so do your handpicking of bagworms from late fall to early spring. This makes removal more difficult and time consuming. It is important to understand that bagworm infestation is highly localized because larvae can move at most 10 feet from where they hatched. 4. Those woody "things" on your evergreens are cocoons with caterpillars in them, and they will devour your trees and shrubs if not treated. Early spring is a good time to inspect evergreen trees and shrubs in your landscape for signs of bagworm damage. Southern Ag 10401 Natural Pyrethrin Concentrate. One of the satisfied buyers says that the product has killed all visible bagworms on arborvitae plants in his yard and prevented further infestation. Destroy the cocoons by sealing them in a plastic bag or burning them. Bagworms are found on other trees an shrubs such as rose bushes, maple, elm, black locust and sycamore. If this is the case, you are probably wondering about bagworm control. Don’t just pick them and throw them on the ground though. Bagworm (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis), known as common bagworm, evergreen bagworm, eastern bagworm, North American bagworm, or common basket worm, is a native moth pest in the U.S. Bagworms overwinter as eggs inside the female’s abdomen inside the bag she constructed. If the evergreen trees in your yard are turning brown or losing needles, bagworms might be the culprit. The first step is to make sure what you’re seeing is actually evidence of a bagworm. Remove the bags in any season but do it before the new generation hatches out in late Ma… A full inspection of the problem is necessary. These bags must be disposed of away from your property or you will risk re-infestation in the spring. Occasionally found on deciduous trees and shrubs 3. The active ingredients of this organic insecticide are 0.96% pyrethrins and 9.6% piperonyl butoxide. Made with 7,9% bifenthrin, it provides a quick knockdown effect on bagworms and a wide range of other pests. In the fall, the insects use their silk and pieces of the tree to create a camouflaged, cocoon-looking bag, which they fill with up to 1,000 eggs! Figure 10. Eggs hatch and caterpillars crawl out of the bag, forming a shelter over their bodies with silk and plant material … How to Get Rid of Bagworms: 14 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow Bagworm. The only thing that you should do is to spray the bags early when they are young because if you do it later on it might not be quite effective. Some bagworm species are parthenogenetic, meaning their eggs develop without male fertilization. The female evergreen bagworm (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) dies without laying eggs, and the larval bagworm offspring emerge from the parent's body. While any product made with spinosad can be used to kill bagworms, we recommend the Fertilome Spinosad Bagworm, Tent Caterpillar and Chewing Insect Control as it was formulated specifically for these insects. Based on compounds that naturally occur in Spinosad bacteria, it kills by disrupting the insect nervous system. Sign up for our newsletter. Moreover, you will hardly notice them flying around, which makes them appropriate not only for outdoors but also for indoors. Bagworm Chemical Control. During the summer, larvae can cause severe defoliation and even death, especially on evergreen species because their leaves are not replenished as readily as those of deciduous trees. Bagworm … Jody Green is a Nebraska Extension educator who develops educational programs on bedbugs, ants, cockroaches, and other health-related pests. An easy way to tell is if you look at your trees and you find small pinecone-shaped sacks hanging from the branches. A closer look may show small, tan, oval-shaped, cocoon-like structures hanging down from your plant's branches. Bagworm … In September and October, the female will release sex hormones that attract the males. As a result, it provides triple action: inhibits feeding, disrupts the nervous system, and dehydrates the insect. Bagworm damage is easy to spot and if not controlled will cause plant and tree death. He is a scientists obsessed with the idea to save the world from pets. With 0,5% spinosad, this product is formulated specifically for bagworms. As a result, the host tree can be severely infested while the other one nearby may have only a handful of bagworms. It comes with shoulder straps, a 6-foot hose, and a HEPA bag. Compare-N-Save Concentrate Indoor and Outdoor Insect Control, Safer Brand 5102 5102-6 All Insect Killer, Fertilome Spinosad Bagworm, Tent Caterpillar and Chewing Insect Control, Southern Ag 10401 Natural Pyrethrin Concentrate, Control Solutions Inc 82004505 Permethrin SFR Insecticide, Spectracide HG-30900 Malathion Insect Killer, Bonide (BND802) – Leaf Eating Worm & Moth Killer, Bug Sales Trichogramma 3 Squares/12,000 Eggs. bagworms tree | bagworms in trees | elm tree bagworms | cedar tree bagworms | maple tree bagworms | pine tree bagworms treatment | pecan trees bagworms | pecan The female evergreen bagworm (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) dies without laying eggs, and the larval bagworm offspring emerge from the parent's body. Chemical. He does not belive hollow words and empty promises from the producers ads. A full inspection of the problem is necessary. They will not only add color to your place, but they will also attract birds and wasps that help to kill bagworms. Sign up to get all the latest gardening tips! This will be enough to cover as much as 50 sq ft. Apply it to shrubs, trees, and ornamentals. In my neck of the woods, these are the sacks of the Evergreen bagworm Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) also known as the Eastern bagworm or common bagworm. This Compare-N-Save Concentrate Indoor and Outdoor Insect Control can be safely applied inside the house. The product has a liquid formulation. Insecticides based on active ingredients like bifenthrin and permethrin can be applied both indoors and outdoors. Make sure that you dilute the concentrate properly and shake the solution from time to time while treating the infested areas. Quick Navigation . Evergreen Bagworm Cocoons. These insects can wreak havoc on your landscape, so it is important to understand bagworms and the critical timing for treatments. Although bagworms prefer evergreens, all trees (both evergreen and deciduous) must be fully inspected. 1. So, if the daily HIGH temperature is less this temperature you may not have a bagworm problems . On the contrary, their catching largely depends on the temperature levels and other conditions. Here are some key traits to watch out for. In the absence of these preferred hosts, bagworm will eat the foliage of just about any tree: fir, spruce, pine, hemlock, sweetgum, sycamore, honey locust, and black locust. Winter or Early Spring. For humans, they are absolutely harmless. If the evergreen trees in your yard are turning brown or losing needles, bagworms might be the culprit. Each bagworm generation lives just long enough as adults to mate and reproduce in their annual cycle. What should You do? Between the three, only evergreen and grass bagworms are the ones that produce male moths with the ability to fly. Eric Day, Insect ID Lab Manager, Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech This publication is available in a PDF format only. 1. The active ingredient is Spinosad, a fermentation-derived insect killer. The Bonide (BND802) – Leaf Eating Worm & Moth Killer is based on Bacillus thuringiensis and kills target insects within days after ingestion. They are known for the bags they make and carry, and to which pieces of plant leaves are attached. Young bagworm covering itself with leaves. In my neck of the woods, these are the sacks of the Evergreen bagworm Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) also known as the Eastern bagworm or common bagworm. Juniper, arborvitae, pine, and spruce may be killed if completely defoliated and less severe attacks can slow growth. The canister contains 32 ounces of insecticide. The only thing that you should do is to spray the bags early when they are young because if you do it later on it might not be quite effective. They neither sting nor bite. Designed for both indoor and outdoor use, the Control Solutions Inc 82004505 Permethrin SFR Insecticide can be applied to trees, lawns, ornamentals, in and around buildings. Remember that May is best, as soon as they are hatching. Designed for indoor pest control, this 1400W backpack vacuum has many attachments, including a crevice tool and a turbo brush. Bagworm eggs overwinter in the bags, so removing the bags in winter is an effective method of control. Bagworm larvae feed on the foliage of both evergreen and deciduous trees, especially these favorite host plants: cedar, arborvitae, juniper, and false cypress. Alternatively, a soil application of dinotefuran may be applied to the base of the tree. The bag… Bagworm Treatments: Handpicking. This will work, however, onlyif the larvae haven’t yet left the bags to go out to feed. When it comes to pine trees, their sacks are mistaken for actual small pine cones. Bagworm pheromone-baited sticky trap. The bagworm may be managed on small shrubs and trees by handpicking or cutting the bags from infested plants during late fall, winter, or early spring, before egg hatch. Bacteria like Bacillus thuringiensis should be applied early in summer because this kind of biological control is effective only against young bagworms. These are evidence that your plant was attacked by bagworms last summer. The best thing to use right now is Bacillus thuringiensis, which is B.t., very effective on caterpillars. On landscape shrubs and small trees, a simple method of control is to pick off the bags during the fall, winter, and spring. The thing is that young bagworms actively feed on foliage and are very susceptible to insecticidal treatment. It is an easy-to-apply liquid formulation of the bacteria. Bagworm damage. You want to make sure that the plant is completely covered so that the bagworms that are feeding can acquire a lethal dose”. Evergreen bagworm Scientific classification ; Kingdom: Animalia: Phylum: Arthropoda: Class: Insecta: … Positive I.D. Remove bag cocoons from small trees during late fall, winter and early spring. Safe & effective. They may look like pine cones or other plant structures. is there a systemic treatment for bagworms on an evergreen? According to Cloyd, this is due to the fact that the larvae don’t hatch all at once. Insecticides known to be effective against bagworm caterpillars are acephate, spinosad, bifenthrin and permethrin. A factsheet on the bagworm, an ornamental pest. The best way to tell if you have a Bagworm infestation is by identifying the spindle-like bags they create. The solution covers up to 88,000 square feet. In August, they start constructing a bag made up of silk and plant parts around their own bottom, and will eventually bury themselves inside of it for four more weeks as pupae. If you wait until later, the larvae will be too large and won’t be killed very easily. These plants are largely popular among residential landscapes, making heavy infestation of Bagworms detrimental to landscapes in our area. However, winds can blow the worms from plant to plant, which will spread bagworms quite efficiently. You can use insecticides like Thuricide, Dipel because they have bacteria which kill the bagworms. Treat late summer infestations with repeated applications of insecticide. You may try the Spectracide HG-30900 Malathion Insect Killer, which can be applied around fruits, vegetables, ornamentals as well as around the building foundation. There are different insecticides that you can use in order to reduce the population of the bagworms in your trees. Atrix – VACBP1 HEPA Backpack Vacuum The bags are made of silk, and parts of foliage. When doing an insecticide treatment, timing is key. Bagworms are caterpillars that spin protective sacks around themselves using silk and the foliage, twigs and bark of their host plants. Made with 50% malathion, this potent concentrate should be mixed with water before application. If the caterpillars are no longer visible and feeding, if the bags are no longer moving, then it is too late to treat. Spinosad is the safest and most recommended bagworm insecticide. Another good way to get rid of bagworms is to attract natural predators and enemies. Cookies make it easier for us to provide you with our services. This Compare-N-Save Concentrate Indoor and Outdoor Insect Control can be safely applied inside the house. OMRI-listed, it is approved for organic gardening and can be sprayed on flowers, vegetables, fruits, and trees. Host list includes more than 120 species of trees and shrubs It is worth noting that some chemical insecticides, such as pyrethrins, have a short repellent effect and, therefore, can be used in combination with biological control methods. Bagworm damage is easy to spot and if not controlled will cause plant and tree death. “Chemical control for bagworms is early to mid-June when they are still small. The concentrate is safe for vegetables, ornamentals, pets, and livestock. Generally, experts recommend first trying biological methods and only if they don’t give desired results, turn to insecticides. Raymond Cloyd, who is K-State Research and Extension entomologist, stresses that applying insecticides timely and frequently enough is key to success. Treatment for bagworms can only start at certain times during their lifecycle. Effective bagworm pesticide for heavy infestations of bagworms. The Bug Sales Trichogramma 3 Squares/12,000 Eggs contains three hanging cards with a total of about 12,000 wasp eggs. As one of the customers said, the product solved his bagworm problem quickly. Organic Treatment for Bagworms. Another essential thing to remember is that applications should be frequent enough. Suspecting a bagworm problem isn’t enough proof to carry out the treatment. Young bagworm covering itself with leaves. These insects can wreak havoc on your landscape, so it is important to understand bagworms and the critical timing for treatments. Shrubs and trees that become heavily infested, particularly conifers, may be killed. To find out the correct time of year to treat for bagworms in your region contact you local Cooperative Extension office.